“Ten realms within the body,” by Utagawa Kuniteru III, c. 1885
 
The University of California at San Francisco has an incredible collection of 400 health-themed woodblock prints from 19th-century Japan. The collection includes advertisements for medicines and treatments, illustrated guidelines for the treatment and prevention of various contagious diseases (first and foremost measles but also syphilis and gonorrhea), and visual guides to the human body from the late Edo and early Meiji periods.

According to the UCSF website,
 

Although the medical-theme prints typically deal with current, not past events, they often feature famous warriors, invoked to help stave off illness, or they render preventive measures in anthropomorphic terms—as in images of bucket-, bean-, or wheat-headed figures attacking a demon (the disease) — both elements linking them to Kuniyoshi’s artistic practices.

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Despite all this labor, the finished prints were relatively inexpensive items, cheaply sold from the publisher’s shop or distributed by itinerant vendors to ordinary townspeople: merchants, artisans, and other tradesmen. Although published in multiples of a hundred copies for the more popular editions, the prints were ephemeral, tossed away once fashions, celebrities—or illnesses—changed.

 
A few of these would make bitchin’ posters!
 

“Chasing measles away,” by Utagawa Yoshimori, 1862
 

“Ad for Kinder-Puwder, King of Pediatric Drugs,” by Morikawa Chikashige, 1880
 

“Pills to cure toxic illnesses such as syphilis and gonorrhea,” artist unknown, late 19th century
 

“Protective gods help good drugs fight evil disease,” by Utagawa Yoshikazu, 1858
 

“Foods that can be eaten by measles patients,” by Utagawa Yoshimori, 1860s
 

“Pregnancy guide” by Hamano Teisuke, 1880
 

“Eye, ear, nose and hand,” by Ochiai Yoshiiku, c. 1865
 

“Three mighty men conquering measles,” by Ochiai Yoshiiku, 1870s
 

“Measles treatment,” by Ochiai Yoshiiku, 1862
 

“Measles-themed hand game,” by Utagawa Yoshitsuya, 1862
 

“Illustrated guide to parental obligations,” by Utagawa Yoshitora, 1880
 

“Bodily functions personified as popular kabuki actors,” artist unknown, late 19th century
 

“Pregnant women playing in summer heat (5 heads, 10 bodies),” by Utagawa Kunitoshi, 1881
 
via Pink Tentacle